Engrais Verts et Cultures de Couverture
Une culture de couverture/engrais vert est...
« Une espèce de plante, souvent mais pas toujours légumineuse, qu'il s'agisse d'un arbre, d'un buisson, d'une vigne ou d'une plante rampante, utilisée par un agriculteur à des fins multiples, dont au moins une d'entre elles est celle de maintenir ou d'améliorer la fertilité du sol ou de lutter contre les mauvaises herbes. » Roland Bunch
Les engrais verts sont ceux qui servent principalement à améliorer la fertilité des sols.
Les cultures de couverture sont les cultures utilisées principalement pour controler les mauvaises herbes.
Les potentiels avantages des cultures de couverture/engrais verts sont les suivants :
- augmenter la matière organique du sol grâce à la production de biomasse
- augmenter le cycle des nutriments
- ajouter de l'azote au sol par la fixation biologique de l'azote (légumineuses)
- maintenir ou augmenter la vie du sol en recouvrant le sol tel un « paillis vivant »
- abaisser la température du sol
- aider à retenir l'humidité du sol
- augmenter la résilience du sol
- structure du sol
- fertilité du sol
- rétention d'humidité
- diminuer les entrées
- peut utiliser des semences disponibles localement
- Diminution de 25 à 40 % l'utilisation de produits chimiques
- main d'œuvre réduite (tout au long de la croissance)
- potentiellement génératrice de revenus
- fourrage pour animaux
- nourriture pour les humains (légumineuses)
Les potentiels inconvénients sont les suivants :
- Résultats lents : les retombées positives d'une culture de couverture/engrais verts mise en place au cours de la première année ne sont souvent observées qu'à la prochaine saison de prduction
- En culture intercalaire, il peut y avoir compétition entre les cultures
- À moins que les culture de couverture/engrais verts produisent également de la nourriture ou des revenus, il n'est pas toujours facilement accepté
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Les EVCC sont des cultures à croissance rapide qui couvrent et protègent le sol, et sont laissées comme paillage ou enfouies pour enrichir le sol. Les légumineuses sont privilégiées pour leur capacité à fixer l’azote. Elles peuvent être semées, mais certaines forment des racines au niveau des...
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19/11/1987 Success Reported On Homemade Mouse Trap What We Have Learned To Date About Green Manure Crops For Small Farmers
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19/01/1984 Leucaena leucocephala ("koa haole"-Hawaii; ipil ipil - Phillipines) is a fast-growing, leguminous tree that can be used for reforestation, for firewood, and as a forage crop that can equal alfalfa in nutritional value. There are three basic types of leucaena trees: Hawaiian, Salvador, and Peru....
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Ressource principale01/01/1985 Green manure crops are crops that are [often times in North America] grown to be turned under to increase soil fertility. Leguminous green manure crops ( i.e., those which can make nitrogen fertilizers from atmospheric nitrogen) can offer small-scale Third World farmers a tremendous number of...
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Ressource principale20/01/2013 Environ 98% de la production agricole dans les régions soudano-sahéliennes d’Afrique occidentale et centrale est basée sur les cultures pluviales. Avec une pluviométrie annuelle moyenne de 300 à 800 mm/an, le nombre de cultures de base est très limité. On distingue deux céréales: le mil...
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Ressource principale26/05/2017 L’intégration de légumineuses dans les systèmes agricoles permet aux petits agriculteurs qui disposent de peu de ressources d’améliorer la santé et la résilience à long terme de leurs sols. Le succès ou l’échec de cette activité dépend dans une large mesure de la sélection de légumineuses...
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30/03/2017 Making Silage in Vichada Tech Note Spotlight: Biosand Water Filter Echoes from our Network: Member Highlight Adria and Job From ECHO's Technical Respose Team: Appropriate forage crops for clay soils From ECHO's Seed Bank: Forage peanut
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Ressource principale14/11/2012 L’UNCCD estime que plus de 250 millions de personnes sont touchées par la dégradation des terres et qu’environ 1 milliard de personnes dans plus de 100 pays sont à risque. Selon l’OMM, 33% de la superficie terrestre de la planète est vulnérable à la dégradation des terres. Elle estime notamment...
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Ressource principale28/09/2016 Les agriculteurs dans de nombreuses régions du monde, en raison de la croissance de la population humaine, n’ont guère d’autre choix que de cultiver leurs terres en permanence, ne disposant pas suffisamment de ressources pour remplacer les éléments nutritifs retirés par chaque culture successive....
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01/07/2011 This article is from ECHO Asia Note #10 Introduction During the late rainy season, the permanent hill fields that surround a cluster of hilltribe villages in the Chiang Dao district of northern Thailand radiate various hues of green. These verdant fields, belonging to ethnic Lisu, Lahu, Akha,...
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20/01/2005 Proper crop rotation is Fundamental #1. It will beat the disease and pest cycle while promoting nutrient cycling. This is a forgotten age-old method to assure the health of future crops. It is of the utmost importance to minimize nutrient loss for long-range success. When the same plant is...
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01/10/2005 One of the most important things a farmer can do for his farm is to prevent soil erosion. One way to do so is by keeping soil covered, especially during the rainy season. Vegetative cover and high levels of soil organic matter are key. Below is a brief description of several vegetative or...
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20/04/2014 EDN 122 highlighted multi-purpose cowpea varieties with spreading vines that cover the soil. Below is an ECHO research update from South Africa relating our experience so far with a spreading cowpea variety intercropped with maize grown in a Foundations for Farming (FFF) system. “Living carpet”...
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30/04/2015 Récemment, nous avons appris à travers la correspondance entre plusieurs membres du réseau, sur le thème de l’agriculture de conservation (AC) dans les zones de fortes pluies. L’information semblait potentiellement utile pour d’autres dans le réseau d’ECHO, donc nous la partageons ici.
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20/01/2005 Cover cropping is Fundamental #7. It is the technique of growing plants that protect the soil to conserve topsoil and moisture. It can be considered a living mulch. Under sowing legumes below existing crops and other companion plants will work well. You get all the advantages of mulching; soil...
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20/01/2002 The conventional view of the relationship between soil nutrients and crop productivity in the tropics is leading to both damaging agricultural policies and inefficient and damaging farm-level practices. There is no need to use the huge quantities of chemical fertilizers that are so often...
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Ce document fait la distinction entre les cultures de couverture «vedettes» (qui sont associées à une culture principale telle que le maïs) et les cultures de couverture «secondaires» (qui ne sont pas en concurrence avec la culture principale en raison de leur cycle de vie court et qui peuvent...
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20/04/2013 The article by Dov Pasternak about lablab (in this issue) reminded me of material in ECHO’s files from many years ago. Reimar von Schaaffhausen, working in São Paulo, Brazil, sent articles and letters over the years about the valuable role that lablab (and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan]) have played...
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08/04/2016 Nous avons récemment reçu un rapport de Roland Bunch concernant ses efforts à promouvoir les engrais verts et les cultures de couverture en Afrique.
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20/04/2004 Rice bean (Vigna umbellata) is one of the top five most commonly grown green manure/cover crops in the world.
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20/01/2005 Green fertilizer is Fundamental #5. It feeds the next crop efficiently. As you plow crop residue into the soil it will eventually become humus and fertilizer for following crops. It is a form of composting, in which materials do not need to be transported to a mixing/composting site. You could...
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This green manure cover crop selection tool is an interactive way to discover which varieties are appropriate for your unique situation. By changing the conditions and requirements a prioritized list of potentially appropriate crops is generated. Each of these plants can be sourced through the...
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Session:The major factor in the increase in droughts across Africa has been caused mostly by the gradual death of fallowing, and the resulting decrease in rainwater infiltration from about 60% down to 20% in most areas. GM/CCs are the only feasible way to save Africa from the rapidly increasing...
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Ressource principale21/05/2019 Now available through Amazon as well as the ECHO Bookstore Smallholder farmers around the world face some of the harshest growing conditions globally, yet they produce the majority of the world’s food. Soils in these areas often lack nutrient and water holding capacities, due to erosion or poor...
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This group pageexists so that individuals involved in GMCCaround the world can connect. We encourage you to share the challenges you face in your GMCCendeavors, discuss lessons and techniques learned through your experiences, and share your story!
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27/10/2014 The following photos were all taken in the fields or homes of practicing farmers in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Haiti, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Benin, Cameroon, Japan, Thailand and Indonesia
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19/01/2017 Dr. Motispresented an overview of the use of tropical legumes as green manure/cover crops. Drawing on findings from ECHO research, this talk will cover 1) benefits of legumes, 2) basic characteristics and growth requirements of some commonly grown legumes, and 3) ways to integrate these into...
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08/02/2017 Cover crops play a key role in sustainable agriculture by providing sustainable sources of nutrients as well as protective soil cover to minimize erosion and reduce moisture stresses. Examples of successful cover cropping systems in East Africa will be illustrated as well as constraints and...
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07/02/2017 Pigeon pea is an important green manure/cover crop with multiple agronomic and market impacts for small farmers, and fits ideally in a conservation agriculture system. Kilimo Markets integrates value chains through enhancing production, inputs supply chains especially seed for which it is...
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08/02/2017 Dolichos lablab is an under estimated crop which recently is finding its niche Presenter :Wilfred L Mariki is a retired Principal Agricultural Research Officer, from Selian Agricultural Research Institute who pioneered a country program to introduce CA in Tanzania 1999 – 2011, under FAO-UN. He...
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07/02/2017 Pigeon pea is an important green manure/cover crop with multiple agronomic and market impacts for small farmers, and fits ideally in a conservation agriculture system. Presenter : Said Silim has recently retired from a distinguished career in international development from ICRISAT, and helped to...
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This group page exists so that individuals involved in GMCC around the world can connect. We encourage you to share the challenges you face in your GMCC endeavors, discuss lessons and techniques learned through your experiences, and share your story!
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AccessAgriculture Training Video Dans les savanes côtières de l'Afrique occidentale, les agriculteurs expliquent comment le mucuna leur aidait à régénérer leurs sols, et à supprimer des mauvaises herbes nuisibles comme le Striga et l'Impérata. Ils montrent comment cultiver le mucuna au profit de...
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The Tropical Forages websiteis a collaborative effort between CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries (Qld), Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). The website is designed to enable...
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Abstract,Agronomía Mesoamericana, 2017 The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge on cover crops and native vegetation mulches and the willingness to implement them by papaya, oil palm, and banana producers in Costa Rica. An evaluation instrument with twenty eight questions to be...
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23/05/2017 This presentation on Gree Manure Cover Cropsseeks to answer the question: How do we achieve all of these objectives (profitability, practically, resiliency, reduced reliance on fossil-fuels, sustainability) when land is limited/degraded, inputs are unavailable or unattainable, labor is scarce,...
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Session :Green manure/cover crops are the only feasible way for smallholder farmers to significantly increase the organic matter content of their basic grain fields (that is, anything over 0.5 ha) at a reasonable cost. We can now say that we know of good species and systems that will work in...
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19/11/2019 Session :Green manure/cover crops are the only feasible way for smallholder farmers to significantly increase the organic matter content of their basic grain fields (that is, anything over 0.5 ha) at a reasonable cost. We can now say that we know of good species and systems that will work in...
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Ed : While not dealing specifically with tropical crops, some of the management situations discussed can be adapted for consideration in other contexts. Farmers around the country (US) are planting cover crops on millions of acres to protect and improve the soil, and the more that farmers use...
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Session:By using green manure/cover crops, rural families can make sure theyhave enough calories, with or without droughts. By growing ediblegm/ccs (nearly all of which are leguminous, they can get enough proteins.By drying and storing the leaves of lablab beans or cowpeas, they can add to their...
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26/11/2019 Session:By using green manure/cover crops, rural families can make sure theyhave enough calories, with or without droughts. By growing ediblegm/ccs (nearly all of which are leguminous, they can get enough proteins.By drying and storing the leaves of lablab beans or cowpeas, they can add to their...
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26/11/2019 Session: Permanent ground cover is one of the fundamental principles of conservation agriculture. This coverage can be achieved by keeping crop residues on the ground, but if the time between harvest and installation of the next crop is large, it may be necessary to install other cover plants...
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20/12/2003 Little bugs, big problems Nitrogen fixation on a national scale From soil erosion to soil quality Healing the earth - an Ethiopian story Understanding traditional terracin Adoption of green manure and cover crops Kick-starting legumes Bioremediation: decontaminating polluted soils Using weed to...
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19/10/1995 The living mulch of Nepal Unexpected source of income - Niger Aggressive colonizers Initiatives to combat savannization and land degradation in Ghana Soil conservation and weed control Green manures - Brazil Cover crops - Honduras Weed management - trees- Kenya Labor issues - India The yield of...
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20/03/2005 Energy use in agriculture Planting to catch more sunlight Biodigesters in ecological farming systems Biogas in Uganda Improving organic fertilizers Saving energy with better tools Biogas production with guinea pig manure Improving traditional water mills Clean energy for chilling milk Passive...
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20/06/2008 Optimising nutrient cycles with trees in pasture fields Talking soil science with farmers Soil quality fand farm profitability Cover crops do it all Green manures Micro-organisms Feeding and watering the soil to increase food production Soil rehabilitation starts with more efficient cookstoves...
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Patrick J Trail,Tim N MotisandAbram J Bicksler Journal of Agricultural Studies, 2019, vol. 7, issue 1, 103-114 Abstract:While maintaining adequate levels of soil fertility can be a challenge on any farm, maintaining those levels on the resource-limited smallholder farms of the tropics requires...
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19/12/1992 Erosion saves work Industrious insects Playing with family labour Fossil energy Green manures Cover crops Ecological agriculture
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19/05/1987 Integrated nutrient supply Improved fallow Nitrogen transfer from legumes Cover crops on acid soils Sunnhemp Rock phosphate Micro-nutrient drain Soil conservation and shifting cultivators Cycles of poverty
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19/10/1997 Rebuilding lost soil fertility A tool for quantitative farm analysis Intensification of swidden agriculture in the Philippines Poor soils need organic matter Indigenous green manure in Nepal New Kekulam Recycling household waste in Egypt Biomass transfer