Cây phân xanh và Cây che phủ
Cây phân xanh và Cây che phủ là những cây trồng phát triển nhanh, bao phủ và bảo vệ đất và được để lại dùng làm lớp phủ hoặc được cày xới lên để làm giàu chất dinh dưỡng cho đất. Các cây họ đậu được ưu tiên trồng do khả năng xử lý nitơ trong đất. Chúng có thể được trồng bằng hạt, một phần gốc tại các đốt trên thân và có thể được trồng từ cành giâm. ECHO không cung cấp chủng inoculant cho cây họ đậu. Hiện có bài báo Khoa học trên Cộng đồng ECHO về Cây phân xanh và Cây che phủ.
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Desmanthus is a nitrogen-fixing, prostrate, perennial, tropical shrub that can be used as a green manure/cover crop and as fodder for livestock. This shrub is adaptable to a range of environments and is tolerant of drought.
Desmanthus Desmanthus virgatus
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Flemingia is a woody, leguminous, deep-rooted shrub native to Asia but now found in Sub-Saharan Africa and Malaysia.
Flemingia Flemingia macrophylla
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Rice bean is a slender, bush or vining, nitrogen-fixing, short-lived perennial plant that is grown as an annual, and often intercropped with rice. The green pods and seeds, as well as the dry beans are used for human consumption. The plant is also useful as livestock fodder, green manure, or...
Rice Bean Vigna umbellata
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Sesbania is a fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing perennial, growing to 7 m in height. It is typically found in wet locations and can withstand water logging and flooded conditions. Sesbania is used as a cover crop or green manure, coppices readily, provides light fuelwood, and good forage for...
Sesbania sesban Sesbania sesban
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Hairy vetch is a temperate, annual, nitrogen-fixing, vining plant that can be up to 70 cm in height. It is used for pasture, hay, silage, green manure or cover crop, and is tolerant of acid soil.
Hairy Vetch Vicia villosa
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Cowpea can be erect, climbing, vining, or prostrate, is a nitrogen-fixing annual, and is one of the most common legumes globally. The young pods, mature green seeds and dry seeds are eaten, and for livestock it is consumed as hay, pasture, or dried vines and pods. Cowpea is also an excellent...
Cowpea Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
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Sunn Hemp has been cultivated in India since ancient times. This species is widely distributed throughout the tropics, being most numerous in eastern and southern Tropical Africa.
Sunn Hemp Crotalaria juncea
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Sword bean is a perennial, nitrogen-fixing, slightly woody, vining and climbing, plant highly valued for use as a green manure or cover crop. Preferred environmental conditions for sword bean are found in the humid lowland tropics, but these beans may be grown with success in tropical elevations...
Sword Bean Canavalia gladiata
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Butterfly pea is a vining, nitrogen-fixing, drought-tolerant, vigorous, perennial plant used mainly for ground cover or in mixed pastures. The young pods can be eaten, the flowers used for blue food coloring and the plant makes an attractive ornamental vine for landscaping.
Butterfly Pea Clitoria ternatea
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Sunn Hemp originated in tropical Africa.
Sunn Hemp/Slender Leaf Rattlebox Crotalaria ochroleuca
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Fish Bean is native to West Africa, but is now found in India, Asia, and other tropical regions.
Fish Bean Tephrosia vogelii
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Pigeon pea is a nitrogen-fixing, perennial shrub, growing to 4 m in height, that produces green or dry seed in seasonally dry climates. Pigeon peas are adaptable to many soil types and are used as a dry pea, green vegetable, fodder, fuelwood, green manure or cover crop.
Pigeon Pea Cajanus cajan
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Forage Peanut is a prostate, nitrogen-fixing, perennial plant, used mostly as a cover crop for erosion, weed, and fire control. It is favored for these purposes in tree plantations, as it will tolerate some shade. It also makes for good cattle and poultry grazing if a 30-day rest period is...
Forage Peanut Arachis pintoi
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Jack bean is an annual or short-lived perennial, nitrogen-fixing, vining, very drought-tolerant plant highly valued for use as a green manure or cover crop. It is a useful species for tropical soil reclamation efforts because of its deeply penetrating root system, contribution of nitrogen, and...
Jack Bean Canavalia ensiformis
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Beach bean is a perennial, nitrogen-fixing, slightly woody, salt-tolerant vining plant adapted to growing under very dry and hot conditions. Vines are widely distributed on beaches and dunes in the tropics and subtropics. They can reach lengths of 6 m and the compact mass of vines can be 15-30 cm...
Beach Bean Canavalia maritima
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Hairy Indigo, a leguminous plant, is native to tropical Africa, southern Asia and northern Australia. Hairy Indigo is an erect-growing, reseeding, summer annual legume that may grow 1-2 m (4-7 ft) tall if not grazed. It produces heavy foliage on fine stems that become course in latter stages of...
Hairy Indigo Indigofera hirsuta
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Lablab is a vigorous, vining, nitrogen-fixing, short-lived perennial that produces edible seeds which can eaten fresh or as a dry bean. It is an excellent choice for forage, green manure, and cover crops. Flowers and young pods are also eaten as a vegetable.
Lablab Lablab purpureus
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It is believed that lupines have been cultivated for 2,000 years, beginning in Egypt. Until recently, nearly all of the 300 lupinus species were considered bitter (high-alkaloid).
White Lupine Lupinus albus
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The exact origin of this crop is not known but it is commonly grown from southern Texas south to Peru. It was named “Siratro” and first hybridized in the early 1960’s.
Siratro Macroptilium atropurpureum
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This legume crop grows best in cool highlands and plateaus. Tarwiseeds have been found in tombs of the pre-Incan era of the central Andean region of South America. A mass of foliage is produced with brilliant purplish blue blossoms; the plant grows to a height of 1 meter.
Tarwi Lupinus mutabilis
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Horse gram is a dense, low-growing, nitrogen-fixing, annual crop grown for forage and human consumption. It is usually sown as an intercrop but can also be used as a green manure or cover crop. It will tolerate drought conditions, poor soil, and some salinity.
Horse Gram Macrotyloma uniflorum
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Glycine is a perennial, vining, nitrogen-fixing, green manure or cover crop that may be grown to suppress weed growth, improve the soil nitrogen supply, and slow soil erosion. It is also a forage crop that can be grown in pure stands for hay or in a mixed pasture system.
Glycine Neonotonia wightii
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Vining forms of velvet bean grow rapidly, with climbing or trailing vines 6-8 m long. The leaves are large and trifoliate with lateral leaflets 7–15 cm long, 5–12 cm wide. Flowers are light purple or white, resulting in pods 4-13 cm in length. Wild forms have pods with hairs that, due to a...
Vining Velvet Bean Mucuna pruriens
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Tropical Kudzu is native to Malaysia, although it is widely distributed throughout the world in the wet tropics.
Tropical Kudzu Pueraria phaseoloides
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Prickly sesban is a fast-growing, annual, nitrogen-fixing shrub, growing up to 2 m in one season. It is valuable for soil improvement, erosion control, firewood, forage, fiber, and as a green manure/cover crop.
Prickly Sesban Sesbania bispinosa
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Sesbania grandiflora is a small, fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing tree, that can grow to 10 m height in 3-4 years. This plant is grown mainly as a green manure or cover crop but can also be used as forage for livestock.
Agati Sesbania grandiflora
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Adzuki bean is a bushy or vining, nitrogen-fixing, annual plant that is moderately drought tolerant. This bean grows best in temperate climates or higher altitudes in the tropics. The young pods, fresh seeds and dry beans are used for human consumption.
Adzuki Bean Vigna angularis
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Faba bean is a cool season, nitrogen-fixing, annual grain legume, now widely distributed in temperate environments around the globe. It is important to note that Faba beans can cause a severe reaction, termed “favism” in people that lack the G6PD enzyme. The large-seeded, mild-flavored, sweet...
Faba Bean Vicia faba
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Mung bean is a bush or vining, nitrogen-fixing, annual plant grown for the dry seeds. It is eaten fresh, or as a dry bean, and is also a good bean for sprouting. Mung bean can also be used as a green manure or cover crop.
Mung Bean Vigna radiata
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Calliandra is a vigorous, nitrogen-fixing, bushy tree that can be fast-growing on poor soils. The tree responds well to coppicing, is a good fuelwood source and the leaves provide excellent fodder. Calliandra is used to enrich soil and provide stability on steep slopes.
Calliandra Calliandra calothyrsus
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American jointvetch is an erect, annual, or short-lived perennial shrub that grows well in moist locations. It a good forage legume for low, wet areas and drainage ditches, and can also be used as a green manure and cover crop.
American Joint Vetch Aeschynomene americana
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Sesbania rostrata a fast-growing, nitrogen-fixing, annual or short-lived perennial shrub, that can grow to 3 m height. It is adapted to saline, alkaline and wet soils and is usually used for a green manure or cover crop, most commonly with flooded rice. It is also suitable fodder for livestock.
Sesbania Sesbania rostrata
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Scarlet runner bean is a vigorous, climbing, nitrogen-fixing plant, adapted to areas with cool temperatures. The fresh pods, dry beans, and tubers may all be harvested for food but the tubers must be thoroughly cooked to eliminate toxins. It can also be used as a living mulch and an ornamental...
Runner Bean Phaseolus coccineus
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Bush forms of velvet bean grow rapidly, but have a more compact growth habit than vining types. The leaves are large and trifoliate with lateral leaflets 7–15 cm long, 5–12 cm wide. Flowers are light purple or white, resulting in pods 4-13 cm in length. Wild forms of velvet bean have pods with...
Bush Velvet Bean Mucuna pruriens
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Tithonia is a perennial shrub native to Mexico and Central America and found in humid and sub-humid parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. Its hollow stems reach 3 m in height and become woody with age. Leaves are large (12-22 cm wide) with five lobes. Another distinguishing attribute is its...
Tithonia Tithonia diversifolia