Hortalizas (Verduras)

Las hortalizas son las plantas o partes de las plantas que se utilizan para el consumo humano. Estas pueden ser cultivadas por sus hojas, tallos, raíces, flores, capullos de flores, semillas inmaduras, vainas de semillas o frutos (la estructura portadora de las semillas de una planta). Hemos listado los vegetales de hoja y las cucurbitáceas de forma separada de los vegetales de huerto debido a sus cualidades nutricionales distintivas. Las hortalizas son una fuente importante de vitaminas y minerales en la dieta. 

  1. Abelmoschus caillei Abelmoschus caillei

    Quimbombo Africano, Quimbombó De Temporada Seca, Quimbombó Del Oeste Africano

    La okra o quimbombó se originó en el sudeste de Asia, pero Abelmoschus caillei se cultiva principalmente en África occidental y central, donde se ha convertido en una importante cosecha de hortaliza. Esta variedad de okra es particularmente popular entre los agricultores de subsistencia, ya que...

  2. Okra Abelmoschus esculentus

    Okra probably originated in North East Africa growing along rivers and bodies of water at 0 - 1000m elevation. It remains widely grown around the world for its nutritious pods, leaves, and fiber. It prefers hot temperatures with plenty of water. Regular picking of the pods triggers continuous...

  3. AMARANTO DE HORTALIZA Amaranthus tricolor, A. viridis

    Amaranto De Hortaliza

    Los amarantos de hortaliza se cultivan en abundancia en las regiones calientes y húmedas de África, Asia, y el Caribe. Amaranthus tricolor se originó en la India, donde en la actualidad se produce una cantidad de variedades domésticas.

  4. Caupi (Cowpea) Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata

    Caupi (Cowpea)

    Una arveja silvestre que es muy similar a esta variedad cultivada es nativa de África central y con muy pocas diferencias ahora se cultiva en todo el mundo donde las temperaturas son moderadas.

  5. Common Bean Phaseolus vulgaris

    The common bean is one of the main food crops globally. Bush varieties reach 20-60cm while climbing (or “pole”) varieties reach up to 3m in height. Depending on the variety, common beans are grown for their green pods and/or mature, dry seeds.

  6. CALABAZA DE CERA Benincasa hispida

    Calabaza De Cera

    Las calabazas de cera han sido cultivadas como alimento en las tierras bajas tropicales de China desde el año 500 DC. Esta hortaliza, que crece en enredaderas que pueden alcanzar los 2-4 metros (6-13 pies) de largo, es fácilmente cultivada como planta anual en las regiones templadas pero también...

  7. Cebolla Allium cepa L

    Cebolla

    La cebolla es una planta resistente y bienaly la cual se cultiva ampliamente. Proviene de las partes del sur de de Rusia e Irán. Forma un bulbo que se cosecha en el primer año, y ambos bulbos y hojas se utilizan culinariamente en culturas alrededor del mundo.

  8. Cebollinos Chinos Allium tuberosum

    Cebollinos Chinos, Cebollinos De Ajo, Puerro Chino, Cebolletas Del Ajo

    Este miembro de la familia de las cebollas originó en el Sudeste de Asia y se ha dispersado con éxito a Europa y Norteamérica.

  9. Collards Brassica oleracea var. viridis

    Collards are a cruciferous crop (cabbage family) grown for the leaves. The wide, smooth, blue-green leaves of collards have a spinach-like flavor and are the highest in nutrients of the dark green, leafy vegetables.

  10. Pepino Cucumis sativus

    Pepino, Pepinillo

    Los pepinos probablemente originaron en la India y ganaron popularidad en Grecia e Italia. Ahora se cultivan en todo el mundo tanto en forma comercial como en jardines caseros. La fruta de este cultivo es gruesa, cilíndrica, tiene 25-37 cm (6-10”) de largo, y es verde brillante. Se puede comer...

  11. Remolacha Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

    Remolacha

    Las remolachas son un vegetal resistente, de temporada fresca, con hojas comestibles y una raíz carnosa, de raíz roja profunda.

  12. Broccoli Brassica oleracea var. italica

    Brecolera

    Broccoli is a cruciferous crop (cabbage family) grown for the head that is made of a cluster of many, dark green buds formed at the end of an edible stalk. It is a temperate crop that can be grown in the tropics at higher elevations. Broccoli has become a common, favorite vegetable around the...

  13. Kale Brassica oleracea var. viridis

    Kale is a cruciferous crop (cabbage family) grown for the leaves. Kale will withstand more heat than other Brassicas and is also tolerant of light frost, which can actually improve flavor. There are many varieties of leaf shape, color and height from a low mat of curled shoots to 2 m high. The...

  14. Brocoli Chino Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra

    Brocoli Chino, Repollo Chino

    El repollo es un vegetal resistente y de hoja que forma una cabeza compacta y redonda. Es nativa del sur de Europa, pero se puede cultivar en zonas tropicales o semi-tropicales en las tierras altas más frías, donde los inviernos son moderados y con buen suministro de humedad.

  15. Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata

    Col

    Cabbage is a hardy, leafy cruciferous vegetable that forms a compact, round head. It is native to southern Europe but can be grown in tropical or semi-tropical areas in cooler highlands where the winters are mild and there is a good supply of moisture. Some varieties in stock at ECHO are fairly...

  16. Tree Tomato Cyphomandra betacea

    Tree tomatoes are small, half-woody, fast growing, solanaceous trees reaching 3 to 5.5 m in height that are native to South American highlands. Tree tomatoes are edible and can be consumed either as a fruit or vegetable. In the tropics, tree tomatoes do best at elevations between 1500 and 2800...

  17. Berenjena Solanum melongena

    Berenjena, Berenjena

    Cuando están tiernas las frutas y han llegado a 2/3 del tamaño máximo, se ocupan como una verdura, normalmente cocida. Se comen las frutas tiernas crudas en Malasia. En la India, la berenjena a veces se ocupa para tratar diabetes, asma, cólera, y bronquitis.

  18. Pak Choi, Bok Choy Brassica rapa var. chinensis

    Pak Choi, Bok Choy

    Se cree que la familia Brassica se originó en el el Este del Mediterráneo y Asia Menor. La cría selectiva en China y Japón ha resultado en muchas variedades diferentes. Pak choi crece a partir de una roseta de tallos blancos aplanados cubiertos por hojas verdes.

  19. Hot Bush Pepper Capsicum frutescens

    Capsicum frutescens peppers are much more pungent than the C. annuum species and produce fruits that are erect and usually appear just above the foliage. Peppers include tabasco, bird peppers, and other chili peppers. Varieties of this species have also been selected for their ornamental...

  20. Habanero Pepper Capsicum chinense

    Capsicum chinense or bonnet peppers are typically very hot including the hottest peppers in the world according to the Scoville scale. These include the habanero, ghost peppers, and bonnet peppers. ECHO also has a unique “Sweet” Habanero that produces peppers that are not hot, although...

  21. Pimentón Capsicum annuum

    Pimentón, Pimiento, Pimiento Marrón

    El género Capsicum originó en Centro y Sud América y se ha cultivado desde los tiempos prehistóricos. Desde el intercambio en Colombia los pimentones se han dispersado a todo el mundo y se han vuelto un cultivo y verdura importante. Los pimentones son mas adaptados a regiones templadas más...

  22. JalapeÑo Pepper Capsicum annuum var. annuum 'Jalapeño'

    Peppers are recorded as cultivated in Bolivia and Meso-America ca. 16th century. Christopher Columbus recorded the use of “a vegetable called agi …employed to give a sharp taste to the fish and such birds as they can catch…” (ca.1494). Jalapeño is a medium-hot pepper originating in the region of...

  23. Watermelon Citrullus lanatus

    Watermelon is a spreading vine producing large, fleshy fruit. Although all parts of the fruit are edible it is mainly grown for the juicy flesh which is typically red but can be yellow or pink. There are both seeded and seedless varieties.

  24. Lagos Spinach/Quailgrass Celosia argentea

    Lagos Spinach is a member of the Amaranth family and shares many features with members of the genus Amaranthus such as broad edible leaves with high protein content and flowers and seeds produced in dense spikes. Some members of the genus Celosia are well-known ornamentals called "Cockscombs.”...

  25. Egusi Melon Citrullus lanatus

    Sandía

    Egusi melon is a fast-spreading creeping vine. The taxonomy is not clear but the ECHO seed comes from what is probably a variety or sub-species of watermelon. The white, bitter fruits are inedible; instead it is grown for the seeds which contain 50% oil and 30% protein and can be ground into a...

  26. Tropical Pumpkin Cucurbita moschata

    The Tropical Pumpkin originated in tropical South or Central America, possibly Peru or Mexico, and is now widely distributed throughout the tropics. Tropicalpumpkins are very well adapted to hot, humid conditions and the ripe fruits can be stored for months or even a year under dry well...

  27. Caigua Cyclanthera pedata

    Caigua, Achocha, Pepino de Comer

    Caigua isan Andean fruit that grows on a climbing vine similar to cucumbers. The mature fruit is hollow and is often stuffed for cooking. The immature fruits and young shoots are eaten raw and cooked.

  28. Summer Squash Cucurbita pepo

    Summer Squashes are distinctive from all other squashes because they are eaten when they are immature. They grow on either vines or bushes with large leaves that are hairy underneath. They have smooth, edible skin, flesh that varies from light to dark green or yellow, and seeds that are soft and...

  29. Cantaloupe Cucumis melo

    The Cantaloupe is a creeping annual gourd producing round or oval fruits, 10-15cm (4-6”) diameter with a rough, scaly, netted outside skin. Cantaloupe is delicious as a dessert or in a fruit salad.

  30. Tahitian Butternut Cucurbita moschata

    This winter squash has been cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas since Pre-Colombian times. Evidence of its use has been found in archeological diggings. It is a very old variety not often available through seed companies.

  31. Col Rizado Etiope Brassica carinata

    Col Rizado Etiope, Mostaza Etiope, Mostaza Abisiniana

    Esta variedad de col rizada se originó en la llanura de África oriental, en particular en Etiopía, alrededor del 4000 ac en donde aún se cultiva principalmente como cultivo de semillas oleaginosas. Es valioso porque establecerá semilla a temperaturas tropicales más cálidas que otras Brassicas. En...

  32. Hojas de Mostaza Brassica juncea

    Hojas De Mostaza, Mostaza China, Mostaza Blanca

    El color verde oscuro de la mostaza la convierte en una verdura muy nutritiva que se puede cultivar durante el año entero en muchas partes del mundo. Es probablemente de origen asiático, pero se ha introducido en las tierras bajas tropicales, así como en las zonas templadas donde se ha...

  33. Coliflor Brassica oleracea var. botrytis

    Coliflor

    Se cree que la familia de la Crucífera o col se origina en el Este del Mediterráneo y Asia Menor. La coliflor generalmente se adapta a climas templados, prefiriendo el fresco, suelos húmedos y aire.

  34. Snake Gourd Trichosanthes cucumerina (syn. T. anguina)

    A vining annual vegetable crop. The plant produces a wavy cucumber-like fruit that is harvested immature and cooked like a squash. This crop is well suited to growth in the humid lowland tropics. The delicate vines need a trellis. The mature fruit turns orange or red when ripe and can be used in...

  35. GANDUL-Pigeon Pea Cajanus cajan

    Gandul Pigeon Pea, Frijol De Palo, Guisante De Angola, Frijol De La India, Frijol Quinchancho

    El gandul ha sido cultivado por mucho tiempo en algunas regiones de Asia (quizás por 3,000 años), pero los botánicos geógrafos colocan su origen en el África tropical; sus semillas probablemente siguieron las rutas de la trata de esclavos desde el África hasta el Nuevo Mundo.

  36. Girasol Helianthus annuus

    Girasol, Girasol

    En Norte América, el girasol se cultiva en la Región de los Grandes Llanuras (Great Plains) de los Estados Unidos y Canadá. Tradicionalmente, Rusia ha sido el productor número uno de girasol. Argentina es otro líder mundial en su producción.

  37. FRIJOL LABLAB Lablab purpureus

    Frijol Lablab, Judía, Habichuela, Poroto De Egipto

    El frijol Lablab es generalmente considerado como originario del sudeste de Asia. Sin embargo, algunas autoridades ubican su origen en África en donde es conocido desde el siglo octavo. En la actualidad es ampliamente cultivado a lo largo del trópico y sub-trópico.

  38. Lechuga India/Tropical Lactuca indica

    Lechuga India, Tropical

    A pesar de su nombre, la lechuga india probablemente se originó en China y actualmente se cultiva en Malasia, Filipinas, Indonesia, Japón y Taiwán. La lechuga india es una planta vertical de rápido crecimiento que llega alcanzar 2 m de altura. Esta especie es semi-perenne de auto-siembra que se...

  39. Italian Edible Gourd/Cucuzzi Lagenaria siceraria

    This ItalianEdible Gourd, long cultivated in Italy, is believed to have its origin in India. The parent species, the Bottle Gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, is believed to have its origin in Africa.

  40. Angled Luffa Luffa acutangula

    Luffas are vining annual plants that produce fruits for food and the luffa sponge. The young fruits of Angled Luffa are edible raw or cooked. Although two species produce a fibrous skeleton in the mature fruit, Smooth Luffa (Luffa cylindrica) is the preferred species for the luffa sponge. This...

  41. Bitter Gourd Momordica charantia

    Momordica comprises about 40 species, the majority of which are African. The fruits of several wild species are consumed as a vegetable, whereas several others are used in traditional medicine. Bitter Gourd is one of the most popular vegetables in Southeast Asia and China. It was first found...

  42. Tomatillo Physalis ixocarpa

    Tomatillo is a close relative of the tomato and is grown and used like tomatoes. The flowers are yellow and the ~2.5cm diameter fruit develops in a green-purple bladder like calyx resembling a Chinese lantern. The ripe fruit can be green, yellow or purple depending on the variety and can be eaten...

  43. Edible Podded Peas Pisum sativum var. saccharatum

    Peas are among the oldest cultivated plants. Carbonized seed remains have been identified as being 7,000 to 9,000 years old. The edible pod forms are thought to be of recent development. Edible podded pea plants produce large (up to 4 inches long) tasty pods with immature seeds that may be eaten...

  44. Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum

    Rhubarb is a perennial leafy vegetable grown for its tart leaf stalks. Rhubarb is used as a cooked vegetable and in pies and sauces. It is usually thought of as a temperate-climate plant but rhubarb can be grown as an annual in subtropical and tropical climates that have a cool season.

  45. MAÍZ Zea mays

    Maíz

    El cultivo del maíz era conocido en partes de México y Centroamérica en tiempos precolombinos. El uso del maíz (corn en inglés) se ha extendido a muchas otras regiones templadas, subtropicales y tropicales del globo en donde es conocido como maíz (maize en inglés). Entre los cereales de grano, la...

  46. Tomato Solanum lycopersicum (syn. Lycopersicon esculentum)

    The tomato is one of the most common garden vegetables worldwide. It is a solanaceous plant that produces fruit of various shapes, sizes and colors. Growth of tomato plants is described as either determinate or indeterminate. Determinate varieties produce compact plants that stop growing when...

  47. Inca Nut Plukenetia volubilis

    Inca nut is a semi-woody, vining, perennial plant in the Euphorbiaceae family native to the high altitude rain forests of the Andes in South America. It is grown for the large seed and seed oil, used in cooking. Raw seeds are inedible, but roasting after shelling makes them palatable. The viscous...

  48. Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes

    Kohlrabi is a short (45cm), biennial cruciferous crop (cabbage family) that is cultivated as an annual vegetable. The stems of each plant swell at the base to form a 5 - 10 cm in diameter edible, starchy globe. The broad edible leavesspiral in whorls around the globe-like swollen stem and are...

  49. Leek Allium ampeloprasum

    Leeks are a close biennial relative of both onion and garlic, but do not form bulbs. Leaves are flat and large, when cooked they are milder in taste than onions, and are mainly used in soups and similar dishes.

  50. Cebolla de Racimo Allium fistulosum

    Cebolla De Racimo, Cebolla De Racimo, Cebolla Galesa, Cebolla Japonesa

    Las cebollas de racimo son perennes (a menudo cosechadas como anual), y son similares en gusto y olor a su pariente la cebolla común, cepa del Allium. Aunque algunos cultivares tienen una base ligeramente engrosada (pseudotallo), las cebollas de racimo rara vez forman bulbos. Por lo tanto, se...

  51. New Zealand Spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides

    New Zealand Spinach is a vining herbaceous plant grown for the young, succulent leaves and stem tips are an excellent hot weather leafy green. Its growth habit is low and sprawling, reaching 30-40 cm in height and 100-125 cm in circumference.

  52. Cushaw Pumpkin Cucurbita argyrosperma

    Cushaw pumpkins are a herbaceous, vining, winter squash grown for the edible flesh and seeds. Flowers and tender shoots are also edible. The seeds are high in oil and protein and can be eaten roasted or ground up for an ingredient in sauces. The flesh is eaten as a vegetable and can be used in...