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The Moringa tree, known also as the Horseradish Tree, is native to northwestern India. Moringa is widely grown, however, in other parts of the old- and new-world tropics, including tropical Asia, many regions of Africa, Indonesia, and South and Central America.

Moringa has a variety of uses. Its leaves, flowers, and pods are a food source for humans and animals. The flowers are a good nectar source for honey, and the seeds are a rich oil source for cooking and lubricant uses. The roots are a source of a spice resembling horseradish, and many parts of the plant have been used in medicinal preparations. Whole plants have been used as living hedges, fences, and windbreaks. The wood is very soft; useful for paper but makes low-grade firewood and poor charcoal. Attracting attention in recent decades is the use of the dried, crushed seeds as a coagulant similar to the chemical alum. Even very muddy water can be cleared when crushed seeds are added. Solid matter and some bacteria will coagulate and then sink to the bottom of a container. The cleaned water can then be poured off and boiled. Use 100 mg (about 1 to 1.5 seeds) of crushed seed to clean 1 liter (1 qt) of muddy water. A Filipino handbook claims Moringa leaves worked into a seedbed 1 week prior to seeding inhibits damping-off fungi. Fresh leaves are a nutritious animal fodder.



  1. African Moringa is a fast growing tree up to 15 m in height. It grows at higher and drier locations than M. oleifera. In comparison to M. oleifera, M. stenopetala has larger leaves with a milder taste when eaten raw, provides more shade, has a stockier and more bushy growth habit, can be more...
  2. Moringa is a very popular tropical fast growing tree up to 15 m in height. The young pods can be eaten and the leaves are an excellent source of calcium, vitamins, minerals and protein. The tree has a loose crown and can also be used for a hedge, living fence or windbreak. It coppices well to...
  3. 20-01-2011
  4. Abstract, Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad, 2019 Moringa oleifera Lam., historically, is regarded as nutrient rich food supplement with immense medicinal and therapeutic values. Literature reveals multipurpose applications of different parts of Moringa such as leaves, flowers, pods, seeds and roots....
  5. Abstract, Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2020 The contributions of Moringa to the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in developing countries were massive. Its production has to be more than increased to maintain its potential role in-curving food and nutrition insecurity sufferings in these...
  6. In under 40 minutes you'll learn to grow peach, apple, coffee, grapefruit, coconut, pomegranate, pawpaw and fourteen other amazing trees from seed! This is the complete presentation on growing trees from seed, recorded in the rain forest, hosted by David The Good. 5:20 apple 6-10 years, or easy...
  7. 20-01-2011
  8. Key Resource 01-06-1985 The moringa tree, Moringa oleifera, has probably been the most popular plant in ECHO's seed bank of underutilized tropical crops. The tree is native to India but has been planted around the world and is naturalized in many locales. Moringa goes by many names. In the Philippines, where the leaves...
  9. 01-01-1988 "Of all parts of the tree, it is the leaves that are most extensively used. The growing tips and young leaves are best. [However, we sometimes pull the leaflets off in our hands and cook them without regard to age]. Unlike other kinds of edible leaves, benzolive leaves do not become bitter as...
  10. Key Resource 20-01-2005 The leaves of the Moringa oleifera tree are very nutritious. They can be consumed fresh, cooked or dried. Since dried Moringaleaves retain their nutrient content, it is possible to convert them into leaf powder. When there is an abundance of leaves, this leaf powder can be made and stored easily....
  11. Key Resource 01-03-2005 In addition to food, shelter and clothing, water is one of our basic human needs and lack of potable water is a major cause of death and disease in our world. The purpose of this document is to provide information on household water treatment using seeds of the Moringa oleifera tree. Using...
  12. 01-01-2020 Despite considerable interest in the use of Moringa oleifera as a nutrient source, gaps and inconsistencies in the information on the nutrient content of this interesting plant remain. There are many reasons for this. The nutrient content of newly harvested plant material naturally varies with...
  13. 20-07-2007 A challenge in growing M. oleifera for its leaves is its tendency to quickly produce a tall tree with few branches.
  14. Abstract, SEMIRATE, 2018 Samosir Island is the location of coffee plantations especially in Pangururan subdistrict. Currently coffee farmers in Samosir are trying to utilize a protective plant for coffee tree that is Kelor. This study investigated how far the integration of Kelor with coffee...
  15. 20-01-2003 Lately we have received a number of letters wanting to know about marketing moringa products. In particular, several farmer groups in Uganda have written to say that they are growing a considerable number of moringa trees and now are asking us where to sell the products.
  16. Abstract, Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2011 The objective of this study was to review the biology and economic value of Moringa tree, miracle tree of hope and generate technical information for people working in universities, agricultural research and development and health institutions....
  17. Abstract,Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 2016 Moringa oleifera is known as “horseradish tree” or “drumstick tree”, native to India, is one of the best useful tree and an enormous amount of benefits in the world. Numerous Research reports have appeared in different national and...
  18. 20-01-2004 In a survey reported in the East African Medical Journal, 597 school children and their parents were surveyed in areas of southern Ethiopia that have very high incidence of goiter. M. stenopetala had a significant association with the prevalence of goiter.
  19. 20-10-2004 Results of a taste test of PKM-1 in comparison with the local variety. It was decided to also include leaves of the species M. stenopetala in this test.
  20. 19-12-1993 More information about using Moringa seeds for water treatment.
  21. Does taking moringa cause side effects? Before asking this question, stop thinking of moringa as a medicine and think of it as what it really is, a nutritious vegetable. Replace your question with the name of your favorite nutritious vegetable, for example “Are there side effects from eating...
  22. A short video on the process. Adapt based on the tools available.
  23. The InternationalMoringaGermplasm Collection houses living material of 12 of the 13Moringaspecies, as a resource for scientific research on the basic biology ofMoringaand investigation of applied uses such as nutrition, cancer chemoprevention, biofuels, and water clarification. It is managed by...
  24. On this page, you will find information about thepeoplein the Olson lab and our comparativestudies of plant evolutionin dry tropical habitats. If you're surprised to hear that there are tropical areas that aren't rainforest, be sure to visitImages of the dry tropicsto see what most of the...
  25. Abstract , Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1992 A survey programme was organised in Lucknow and Farrukhabad, two towns of Uttar Pradesh, from March 1987 to July 1987. During the survey, the common folk medicine plants used by women were recorded and Ayurvedic and Unani drug encyclopedias were...
  26. 19-12-1991 An extensive review of uses of the moringa tree, written by Dr. Julia Morton, appears in the current issue of Economic Botany. I thought I should bring one paragraph to your attention. "The root, best known in India and the Far East, is extremely pungent. When the plant is only 60 cm tall, it can...
  27. 19-12-1981 Ron Angert of the Haitian Agricultural Mission is actively promoting beekeeping and making a new kind of hive called an African hive. He says he can produce it for about half the cost of a standard hive. One cost saving factor is that a starter comb is not used. The bees instead start their comb...
  28. During their time in Ghana, co-founders Kwami and Emily were introduced to what was known locally as “the miracle tree.”The tree thrives in arid climates. It helps the crops around it grow better. It can be intercropped with subsistence crops, mitigating risk to farmers. The leaves, with more...
  29. Abstract Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. Native to India, it is now widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Its different parts are sources of proteins, vitamins and minerals and present different...
  30. Abstract -In developing countries like India, the deciding factors for the selection of the specific water purification system are the flow rate, cost of implementation and maintenance, availability of materials for fabrication or assembling, technical manpower, energy requirement and...
  31. ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the presence of biochemical contents viz., proximate and micronutrient analysis in the leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. The biochemical contents were determined by different biochemical methods. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves confirmed the...
  32. Moringa is known the world over.
  33. A cationic protein isolated from the seeds of the Moringa oleifera tree has been extensively studied for use in water treatment in developing countries and has been proposed for use in antimicrobial and therapeutic applications. However, the molecular basis for the antimicrobial action of this...
  34. Abstract - Frontiers in Pharmacology Moringa oleifera(M. oleifera) is an angiosperm plant, native of the Indian subcontinent, where its various parts have been utilized throughout history as food and medicine. It is now cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The...
  35. Moringa oleifera(Moringa) seeds contain a natural cationic protein (MOCP) that can be used as an antimicrobial flocculant for water clarification. Currently, the main barrier to using Moringa seeds for producing potable water is that the seeds release other water-soluble proteins and organic...
  36. Abstract Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a very useful tree in tropical countries. In Folklore and Ayurvedic all parts of the tree used in different healing procedure for different diseases. The plant leaves are very good nutrient supplement for malnutrition and also used as an antibiotic....
  37. Moringa oleifera, native to India, grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is commonly known as ‘drumstick tree’ or ‘horseradish tree’. Moringa can withstand both severe drought and mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world. With its high nutritive...
  38. Abstract - HindawiJournal of Chemistry Moringa oleiferais a tree distributed in Mexican semiarid and coastal regions.M. oleiferais used in practice in the treatment of various diseases and is available without a medical prescription, often in the form of an herbal infusion for everyday use. The...
  39. Traditional water treatment using moringa seeds only removes 90 – 99% of pathogens while allowing fouling of the water over time.Over the past seven years Dr. Velegol’s research group has created an innovative and sustainable process that solves these two problems.When crushed seeds are added to...
  40. 17-11-2016 Are you curious about how moringa seeds can remove 90-99% of the impurities from dirty water? Come and see it in action! While we are thrilled with what moringa seeds can do on their own, we are working to develop an even better process utilizing functionalized sand (a combination of crushed...
  41. 16-11-2017 Traditional water treatment using moringa seeds only removes 90 – 99% of pathogens while allowing fouling of the water over time.Over the past seven years Dr. Velegol’s research group has created an innovative and sustainable process that solves these two problems.When crushed seeds are added to...
  42. AbstractEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters, 2017 The purpose of this work is to determine parameters for the design of aMoringaseed sand filter for water purification.Moringa oleiferaseeds containing cationic antimicrobial proteins have been used as natural coagulants for the removal...
  43. 22-11-2017 ABSTRACT: Environmental Science & Technology, 2017 The purpose of this work is to determine parameters for the design of a Moringa seed sand filter for water purification. Moringa oleifera seeds containing cationic antimicrobial proteins have been used as natural coagulants for the removal of...
  44. Authors: T.N. Motis, J.M. Longfellow, A.D. Jani, B.J. Lingbeek, C.J. D'Aiuto, J.C.J. Bergen Keywords: Moringa oleifera, intercropping, legumes,Vigna unguiculata,Canivalia ensiformis,Cajanus cajan,Lablab purpureus, alley cropping DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1158.11 Abstract: In Limpopo Province...
  45. 28-09-2016
  46. 26-03-2015 Through research in South Africa, ECHO has been developing best-practicesfor growing Moringa and other crops. This reasearch, through the Howard G. Buffet Foundation, demonstrates growing Moringaon a large scale for powder production including soil fertility management and pruning. This...
  47. 26-03-2015 Growing and using Moringa can transform the health and economics of people dealing with resource limitations. Beth Doerr is an ECHO specialist on the Moringa plant, its production and the many uses and benefits of its growth, leaves and seeds.
  48. Abstract, RUFORUM, 2018 Malnutrition is one of the most serious problems throughout the world and children are especially vulnerable to it. The aim of this research is to formulate foods fortified with baobab fruit pulp and moringa leaf powder for under-five-years old children. Specifically, the...
  49. Abstract -The Journal of Applied Poultry Research Moringa oleiferais known as a miracle tree due to its amazing nutritional and therapeutic properties. Considering its nutritional value,Moringa oleiferaleaf powder can be used as a non-conventional ingredient in poultry diets. This study was...
  50. 20-10-2014
  51. 20-10-2010 Experiences promoting use of moringa in Tanzania
  52. 19-11-2019 Session :Grace has been conducting Moringa research for 20 years with undergraduate students. This presentation will be a research update on moringa as an antibacterial plant and water purification option. Tissue culture and regeneration of moringa, as well as future use in biotechnology,...
  53. Common names Moringa, drumstick tree, ben oil tree, benzolive tree, benzoil tree, horse-radish tree, horseradish tree, West Indian ben [English]; ben oléifère, ben ailée, moringa ailée, pois quénique [French]; moringa, marango,resedá, árbol de rábano, árbol de los espárragos[Spanish];...
  54. 20-10-2013
  55. Abstract,ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1253, 2019 T.N. Motis, S.M. Reader Keywords: biomass, fertility, input, organic, inorganic, nutrients, tree Moringa (Moringa oleifera) produces edible, nutrient-rich leaves useful for the alleviation of malnutrition. A trial was conducted in southwest Florida...
  56. Abstract, International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019 Green leafy vegetables are highly nutritious and occupies a predominant role in Indian diet. A variety of greens are consumed in different parts of a country among which moringa leaves stands top. Leafy vegetables are perishable in nature...
  57. Almost all parts of the moringa tree are used for food, oil, fiber, and/or medicine. In the Pacific, the most important products are pods and leaves. Young pods are consumed as a vegetable. Very young pods are fiberless, and can be cooked like string beans. Because the weight is low on very young...
  58. Abstract, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2011 Geographical distribution and growth of plants are to a great extent governed by temperature. As Moringa oleifera trees are mainly found throughout the tropics around the world, the extent of their physiological adaptability to...
  59. 20-03-2019 This book is designed as a simple introduction to the more common food plants of the Philippines. It is hoped people will take greater pride and interest in these plants and become confident and informed about how to grow and use them. Many of the local food plants that occur in every country are...
  60. 20-09-2015 This book is designed as a simple introduction to the more common food plants of Angola. It is hoped people will take greater pride and interest in these plants and become confident and informed about how to grow and use them. Many of the local food plants that occur in every country are very...
  61. 04-10-2021 This article is an outworking of ECHO research in Limpopo Province of South Africa, from 2010-2015, supported by the Howard G. Buffett Foundation. It summarizes findings published in a scientific journal by Motis et al. (2017). The original article can be found at...
  62. 146 Pages Genetic improvement and varietal status of moringa Floral biology and hybridization in moringa Advanced production systems in annual moringa PKM 1 Cropping systems in moringa Soil moisture management for flowering in moringa Nutrient management in moringa Use of biofertilizer for...
  63. Edible Portion: Leaves, Flowers, Fruit, Seeds, Roots, Bark, Pods, Spice, Vegetable A small tree up to 9-12 m high. The trunk is 60 cm across. The wood is soft. It has feather-like divided leaves. The tree losesits leaves during the year. The bark is grey and thick. It is corky and peels off in...
  64. This handbook is destined to improve moringa leaf farming and processing in order to meet top sanitary and nutritional standards. For the first time, the techniques of moringa production, perfected by African farmers, have been compiled, verified and presented in an easy-to-use, precise manner....
  65. Moringa oleifera Lam (synonym: Moringa pterygosperma Gaertner) belongs to a onogeneric family of shrubs and tree, Moringaceae and is considered to have its origin in Agra and Oudh, in the northwest region of India, south of the Himalayan Mountains. Although the name “Shigon” for M. oleifera is...
  66. Conveners M.C. Palada, A.W. Ebert Editors A.W. Ebert, M.C. Palada Publication date 9 May 2017 ISBN 978-94-62611-55-9 ISSN 0567-7572(print) 2406-6168(electronic) Number of articles 55 Volumes 1 Place Manila, Philippines
  67. Moringa trees in Bangladesh and in other developing countries have great potential in terms of nutrition security and income generation, but often seem to be underutilized. The European market does offer opportunities for those suppliers that are willing to, and capable of, meeting EU...
  68. Abstract,International Journal of Agronomy, 2017 Smallholder livestock farmers who depend on natural communal grazing lands are particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as to food insecurity and should be encouraged to grow drought-tolerant fodder crops. Moringa oleifera is a highly...
  69. Abstract, International Journal of Horticulture, 2017 The word Moringa is Magic to Many of the consumers both in India and many other countries. Because of the nutritional and medicinal importance of Moringa, the demand for Moringa and its value added products are increasing which in turn permits...
  70. Abstract (paywall), International Journal of Vegetable Science, 2015 Moringa (Moringa oleiferaLam) leaves are highly nutritious and contain essential amino acids; moringa is a complete protein source and contains essential vitamins, minerals, co-enzymes, and antioxidants. Moringa cultivation is...
  71. 02-10-2023 At the Beer Sheba Project in Senegal, Moringa oleifera is grown for both leaf and seed production. Managers of the moringa plots have tried different spacing options over time and would like to share their thoughts on the frequently asked question, “What spacing should I use for moringa?”.
  72. Edible portion:Fruit, Leaves, Roots, Seeds-oil, Stems, Flowers An erect shrub. Seedling trees develop an exposed tuber. From this 3-5 broad leaflets emerge. Then the plant branches and produces longer leaves with many widely spaced leaflets. These leaves fall. The flowers are pink and occur in...
  73. 20-01-2016 Sometimes called “the tree of life” or “the tree of paradise” due to its exceptional environmental, medicinal and dietary benefits, the moringa is a multi-purpose tree whose leaves, flowers, fruits, bark and roots can all be directly consumed. Its nutritional qualities are becoming increasingly...
  74. Ivan Kozyatnyk, Mary Njenga, Use of biochar and Moringa oleifera in greywater treatment to remove heavy metals and contaminants of emerging concern, Bioresource Technology Reports, Volume 24, 2023, 101615, ISSN 2589-014X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2023.101615....
  75. Key Resource Edible Portion: Seeds, Leaves A bottle shaped tree. It is a tropical plant. It grows in limestone regions.
  76. 20-01-2024 Moringa oleifera is hailed as the “miracle tree” for its impressive catalog of nutritional, medicinal, and water purification benefits. A (sub)tropical plant with a rapid growth rate (3–5 m in a single season), Moringa has proven beneficial in multiple ways in developing regions around the world....
  77. 05-03-2024 This video demonstrates and explains sanitary harvesting and washingpractices forMoringa oleifera.It also overviews stripping leaflets from the larger leaf in preparation for drying.